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當前位置：首頁 > 新聞資訊 > 技術文摘 > 電冰箱基礎知識

電冰箱基礎知識

來源:發布時間：2016/11/18 10:44:04

一、電冰箱規格、型號及銘牌知識

從電冰箱的型號與規格了解電冰箱的制冷方式、用途，並根據型號和規格了解檢修機的基本結構、制冷劑的重量，這些都是檢修工作的基礎。
　　
　　無論是國産還是進口電冰箱，電冰箱産品型號中的每1位符號都有特定的含義。電冰箱的規格用有效容積表示，單位爲升（L)。有效容積是指箱內毛容積減去箱內部件占據的容積和有些不能用于儲存食品的空間容積後所余的容積。
　　
　　1.老電冰箱型號標法
国家标准GB 8059.1-87规定，家用电冰箱的型号多由五部分构成，各部分的含义如下。比如，海尔BCD-288W表示该电冰箱为无霜式家用冷藏、冷冻箱，有效容积为288L。
　　
　　2.新型電冰箱型號命名方法和定義

新型电冰箱的型号多由九部分构成，各部分的含义如下。
　　
　　随着无氟电冰箱的逐步普及，有的厂家在电冰箱型号一上直接加注“G或H、L、HC”字母，表示采用的制冷剂种类，比如，加注HC字母的电冰箱表示采用的制冷剂是R600a,如容声BCD-183/HC型电冰箱内的HC表示该电冰箱采用的制冷剂为R600a；加注“HL”字母表示该电冰箱采用的制冷剂为R1 34a。

　　每台電冰箱的背後都有一塊銘牌，對電冰箱的供電範圍、制冷劑量、適用氣候、耗電量、編號等參數進行了詳細的標注，每項參數均有指定含義，大部分電冰箱還給出了電氣接線圖，不僅爲用戶購買電冰箱提供幫助，而且能夠幫助維修人員排除一些故障。如亞熱帶型（ST）電冰箱能夠適應的環境溫度爲18～32℃，如果在環境溫度爲18℃時就可能會産生不制冷或制冷異常的特殊“故障”

二、電冰箱分類
　　電冰箱按壓縮機轉速的不同，可分爲定頻型和變頻型兩類：所謂的定頻型就是壓縮機始終以一種轉速工作，而變頻型就是壓縮機的轉速根據箱內溫度不同而改變。

電冰箱按溫度控制方式可分爲機械控制和電腦控制兩種。
　　
　　（1）機械控制

机械控制方式又分为双温单控、双温双控两种。
　　
　　①雙溫單控該控制方式只在冷藏室設置一個機械型溫控器，通過它的感溫囊檢測冷藏室的溫度，再控制壓縮機的運行時間，實現對冷藏室溫度的直接控制，間接控制冷凍室溫度。普通電冰箱多采用此類控制方式。
　　
　　②雙溫雙控在冷藏室和冷凍室分別設置溫控器，所以可分別對冷藏室、冷凍室的溫度進行設置，更容易滿足用戶的需要。
　　
　　（2）電腦控制

电脑控制式电冰箱主要是通过在冷藏室、冷冻室设置的温度传感器（也叫温度探头）检测冷藏室、冷冻室的温度，产生的阻抗取样信号通过阻抗信号／电压信号变换电路变换后，获得电压并送给控制板上CPU（单片机）进行识别，CPU将该电压与内部固化的不同电压所对应的温度比较后，确认箱内温度到达设置要求时，输出压缩机供电控制信号对压缩机的运行时间进行控制，从而实现冷冻室和冷藏室的温度控制。
　　
　　提示：
　　
　　由于溫度傳感器多爲負溫度系數熱敏電阻，所以需要通過阻抗信號／電壓信號變換電路將不同溫度對應的阻值轉換爲不同的電壓信號，CPU內的運算電路將輸入的電壓與存儲器內存儲器的不同電壓對應的溫度比較後，就可以識別出箱內溫度，CPU就可以根據設置的溫度，對壓縮機的運行時間進行控制

　電冰箱按適應氣候的不同，可分爲亞溫帶型、溫帶型、亞熱帶型和熱帶型，不同的氣候類型所適應的環境溫度如下表所示。

氣候類型	代號	環境溫度℃	冷藏室溫度℃
亞溫帶型	SN	１０～３２	－１～１０
溫帶型	N	１６～３２	０～１０
亞熱帶型	ST	１８～３８	０～１２
熱帶型	T	１８～４３	０～１２

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Japanese children are well supplied with dolls and other playthings, and there are certain festivals in which the whole family devotes itself to the preparation or purchase of dolls to amuse the little ones. The greatest of these festivals is known as the "Hina Matsuri," or Feast of Dolls, hina meaning doll, and matsuri being applicable to any kind of feast. It occurs on the third day of the third month, and for several days before the appointed time the shops are filled with dolls just as they are filled among us at Christmas. In fact, the whole business in this line is transacted at this period, and at other times it is next to impossible to procure the things that are so abundant at the Matsuri. Every family that can afford the outlay buys a quantity of images made of wood or enamelled clay, and dressed to represent various imperial, noble, or mythological characters, either of the present time or of some former period in Japanese history. In this way the children are taught a good deal of history, and their delight at the receipt of their presents is quite equal to that of children in Christian lands. Not only dolls, but a great variety of other things, are given to the girls; for the Hina Matsuri is more particularly a festival for girls rather than for boys. The presents are arranged on tables, and there is general rejoicing in the household. Miniature tea and toilet sets, miniature bureaus and wardrobes, and miniature houses are among the things that fall to the lot of a Japanese girl at the time of the Hina Matsuri. This little island was in reality a prison, as its inhabitants were not allowed to go outside for any purpose, except once in three years, when a delegation of them made a journey to Yeddo to make presents to the Tycoon. They were compelled to travel the most of the way in closed norimons,[Pg 309] and thus their journey did not afford them many glimpses of the country. There is a tradition that they were required to go through the ceremony of trampling on the cross in the presence of the Tycoon, and also to intoxicate themselves, as a warning to the Japanese to shun the wicked ways of the foreigners. Whether either account be true I am unable to say; the assertion is very positively made and as positively denied, and therefore I will leave every reader, who has paid his money for the book, to make choice of the side of the story which suits him best. At noon they had gone twenty-five miles through a country which abounded in villages and gardens, and had a great many fields of wheat, millet, cotton, and other products of China; the fields were not unlike those they had seen on their voyage up the Yang-tse; and as for the villages, they were exactly alike, especially in the items of dirt and general repulsiveness. The modes of performing field labor were more interesting than the villages; the most of the fields were watered artificially, and the process of pumping water attracted the attention of the boys. An endless chain, with floats on it, was propelled through an inclined box by a couple of men who kept up a steady walk on a sort of treadmill. There were spokes in a horizontal shaft, and on the ends of the spokes there were little pieces of board, with just sufficient space for a man's foot to rest. The men walked on these spokes, and steadied themselves on a horizontal pole which was held between a couple of upright posts. Labor is so cheap in China that there is no occasion for employing steam or wind machinery; it was said that a pump coolie was able to earn from[Pg 359] five to ten cents a day in the season when the fields needed irrigation, and he had nothing to do at other times. "We'll stop now and say good-bye. We have seen China and Japan, and had a splendid time. We think we have learned a great deal about the two countries, and hope that what we have written about them has been interesting to those for whom it was intended. We have tried to see things, and think of them without partiality or prejudice. We believe that the people of the East have the same claims to respect that ours have, and that it is only a narrow mind that sneers at the ways of others because[Pg 421] they are not like its own. We know that there are many things in which we are superior to the Orientals, but we also know that we have our weak points, and might be profitably instructed by those whom some of us affect to despise. And the more we know these patient and industrious people, the more we shall be likely to respect them. We are soon to leave China, perhaps never to see it again; but both China and Japan will always be pleasant recollections to both "That was what the makers did for man," resumed the other. "Life had become impossible, and it was the only practical way out of the difficulty. You see, the makers were very clever, and very mild and gentle. They were quite different to ordinary human beings. To begin with, they were real." "'I saw how two to three hundred German soldiers, part of them slightly wounded, who were well able to walk, partly soldiers of the Landen garrison, who crowded about the open doors of one of the last wagons, raging and jeering against three seriously wounded British soldiers, about whom their French fellow-passengers told me that they had had nothing to eat for five days. The wounded were called "swine," were spit at, and some rifles were aimed at them. When I told a sergeant that it was a disgusting scene, he answered: "These British swine, they get paid for their filthy work." He alluded to the pay which the British volunteers receive because they enlist as mercenaries, Britain having no compulsory general military service. Before I witnessed this awful thing at Landen, Germans in the train had already told me that they simply killed any British whom they made prisoners. Others said that such a thing did not happen in their division, but one man contended that by his company already twenty-six had been killed. I did not believe them, and thought that they were better than they pretended to be. Plotinus is not only the greatest and most celebrated of the Neo-Platonists, he is also the first respecting whose opinions we have any authentic information, and therefore the one who for all practical purposes must be regarded as the founder of the school. What we know about his life is derived from a biography written by his disciple Porphyry. This is a rather foolish performance; but it possesses considerable interest, both on account of the information which it was intended to supply, and also as affording indirect evidence of the height to which superstition had risen during the third century of our era. Plotinus gave his friends to understand that he was born in Egypt about 205 A.D.; but so reluctant was he to mention any circumstance connected with his physical existence, that his race and parentage always remained a mystery. He showed somewhat more communicativeness in speaking of his274 mental history, and used to relate in after-life that at the age of twenty-eight he had felt strongly attracted to the study of philosophy, but remained utterly dissatisfied with what the most famous teachers of Alexandria had to tell him on the subject. At last he found in Ammonius Saccas the ideal sage for whom he had been seeking, and continued to attend his lectures for eleven years. At the end of that period, he joined an eastern expedition under the Emperor Gordian, for the purpose of making himself acquainted with the wisdom of the Persians and Indians, concerning which his curiosity seems to have been excited by Ammonius. But his hopes of further enlightenment in that quarter were not fulfilled. The campaign terminated disastrously; the emperor himself fell at the head of his troops in Mesopotamia, and Plotinus had great difficulty in escaping with his life to Antioch. Soon afterwards he settled in Rome, and remained there until near the end of his life, when ill-health obliged him to retire to a country seat in Campania, the property of a deceased friend, Zêthus. Here the philosopher died, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. “If the boat isn’t there when they bring up the seaplane, I’ll think you’ve hit the nail on the head,” Larry conceded. "It smells horribly," she exclaimed, dropping it on the floor, "it smells of hospitals—disinfectants." But she stooped and picked it up again. John Gay, a contemporary of Pope, Swift, and Arbuthnot, is now best known by his "Fables" and his "Beggar's Opera." His "Fables" have been extremely popular, and still make him a general name; but, in his own time, his "Beggar's Opera" was his great success. Its wit, its charming music, its popular characters, gave it a universal favour; and it is the only English opera that even to this time has become permanent. Gay's "Trivia; or, the Art of Walking the Streets of London," is still amusing, and some of his ballads have a lightness and buoyancy about them which justify the esteem in which he was held. "I belong to the 200th Ind." "Well, then," the old woman asked, "has anyone except myself understood them?" The head turned, the eyes raked the table. "Dr. Willis hasn't, or he wouldn't be sounding so hopeful. The rest of you haven't, or you wouldn't be talking about time. Rogier, you haven't, or you'd quit trying to pry and begin trying to prepare." He kicked Robert, and called up Richard to drive the cart over to Rye. 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